This books contains three international studies carried out by the author in collaboration with colleagues in Schools of Education at NUI Galway, King's College London, and Boston College, MA. They examine interactions of educators, student teachers and language learners in post-primary education. A 'transformative pedagogy' emerges, building on autonomous language teaching to include additional competences, e.g. critical, digital and media literacies underpinned by a moral-philosophical basis.